Holographic decorated glass for screen color matching

ABSTRACT

Exemplary systems that may reduce or eliminate the visibility of a boundary between the displaying portions of the system and the non-displaying portions of the system are disclosed. An exemplary system includes a display screen including a plurality of pixels forming a first periodic structure and a frame surrounding at least a portion of the display screen. The frame may include a holographic structure having a second periodic structure. The first pitch of the first periodic structure may be within 0.5 percent to 20 percent of the second pitch of the second periodic structure.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/368,359, entitled “HOLOGRAPHIC DECORATED GLASSFOR SCREEN COLOR MATCHING,” filed on Mar. 28, 2019, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/650,163, entitled“HOLOGRAPHIC GLASS FOR SCREEN COLOR MATCHING,” filed Mar. 29, 2018, thecontents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to holographic glass, and morespecifically to holographic glass for screen color matching.

BACKGROUND

A typical display screen on a device does not occupy the entire surfaceof the device. As such, the boundary between a display screen and thenon-displaying portions of the device may be readily visible. Atechnique to reduce the visibility of this boundary includes coloringthe non-displaying portions of the device the same color as the displayscreen (i.e., pigment matching). However, because display screenstypically have a periodic micro-structure (e.g., a pixelated structure),the color of the display screen may be dependent on the angle at which aviewer is looking at the display screen. The non-displaying portions ofthe device may be unable to match this angular color dependence of thedisplay screen, resulting in a readily visible boundary between thedisplay screen and the non-displaying portions of the device.Accordingly, there is a need for better color integration between thedisplaying portions of a device and the non-displaying portions of thedevice.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Exemplary systems and devices that may reduce or eliminate thevisibility of a boundary between displaying portions of the system andnon-displaying portions of the system are disclosed. An exemplary systemincludes a display screen including a plurality of pixels forming afirst periodic structure and a frame surrounding at least a portion ofthe display screen. The frame may include a holographic structure havinga second periodic structure. The first pitch of the first periodicstructure may be within 0.5 percent to 20 percent of the second pitch ofthe second periodic structure.

FIGURES

FIGS. 1A-1B depict views from two different viewing angles of a priorart system where pigment matching is used to match the color andappearance of the displaying portions of the system to the color andappearance of the non-displaying portions of the system.

FIG. 2 shows a typical system used to match the color and appearance ofthe non-displaying portions of a system to the color and appearance ofthe displaying portions of the system.

FIGS. 3A-3B depict views from two different viewing angles of a systemwhere the visibility of the boundary between the non-displaying portionsof the system and the displaying portions of the system is reduced(compared to conventional pigment matching, for example) or eliminatedwhen viewed within a broad range of viewing angles.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary system where the display of the system issurrounded by a frame coated with holographic film.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary system where the display of the system issurrounded by a holographic glass panel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is presented to enable a person of ordinaryskill in the art to make and use the various embodiments. Descriptionsof specific systems, devices, methods, and applications are providedonly as examples. Various modifications to the examples described hereinwill be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and thegeneral principles defined herein may be applied to other examples andapplications without departing from the spirit and scope of the variousembodiments. Thus, the various embodiments are not intended to belimited to the examples described herein and shown, but are to beaccorded the scope consistent with the claims.

FIG. 1A shows prior art system 100 including display 102 and surroundingframe 104 viewed from a first viewing angle normal to the surface ofdisplay 102. In system 100, frame 104 is pigmented so that its color andappearance approximately match the color and appearance of display 102.Display 102 is off (e.g., display 102 is not displaying orilluminating). Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, the color andappearance of a display respectively refer to the color and appearanceof a display when the display is off.

Display 102 includes an array of pixels forming a periodic structure.Due to this periodic structure, display 102 creates a holographic effect(e.g., the color and appearance of display 102 changes with the viewingangle at which display 102 is viewed). Because display 102 creates aholographic effect, pigmenting of frame 104 may be unable to change thecolor and appearance of frame 104 to match the color and appearance ofdisplay 102 within a broad range of viewing angles. Accordingly, merelyusing pigment matching to approximate the color and appearance of frame104 to the color and appearance of display 102 may not adequately reducethe visibility of boundary 106 between frame 104 and display 102.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, when system 100 is viewed from thefirst viewing angle normal to the surface of display 102, boundary 106between frame 104 and display 102 may be difficult to distinguish or beinvisible to a viewer. However, as shown in FIG. 1B, when system 100 isviewed from a second viewing angle (e.g., a viewing angle not normal tothe surface of display 102), boundary 106 between frame 104 and display102 is readily visible.

FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of a typical system 200 used tomatch the color and appearance of the non-displaying portions of asystem to the color and appearance of the displaying portions of thesystem via pigment matching. In this example, system 200 includespigmented frame 202, display 204, and index match glue 206 that coatsdisplay 204.

Index match glue 206 may change the perceived color and appearance ofdisplay 204 to match the color and appearance of surrounding frame 202within a small range of viewing angles. For example, index match glue206 may change the perceived color and appearance of display 204 tomatch the color and appearance of frame 202 within a range of viewingangles approximately normal to the surface of display 204. However, dueto the angular dependence of the perceived color and appearance ofdisplay 204 (due to display 204 having a holographic structure resultingfrom the pixels of display 204), index match glue 206 may be unable tochange the perceived color and appearance of display 204 to match thecolor and appearance of frame 202 within a broad range of viewing anglesso that the boundary between frame 202 and display 204 is invisible to aviewer. Accordingly, with display 204 coated with index match glue 206surrounded by frame 202, the boundary between frame 202 and display 204may still be readily visible at certain viewing angles.

FIGS. 3A-3B respectively show views from a first viewing angle and asecond viewing angle of system 300 according to some examples. In system300, the visibility of boundary 306 between display 302 and thenon-displaying portion (e.g., frame 304) is reduced (compared to ifconventional pigment matching were used) or eliminated to a viewerviewing system 300 within a broad range of viewing angles. Inparticular, as shown in FIG. 3A, when system 300 is viewed at an anglenormal to the surface of display 302, the visibility of boundary 306 isreduced or eliminated. As shown in FIG. 3B, when system 300 is viewed atan angle not-normal (e.g., a viewing angle differing from the normalviewing by about 40 degrees) to the surface of display 302, thevisibility of boundary 306 is also reduced or eliminated.

Systems and techniques that may reduce or eliminate the visibility ofthe boundary between the displaying and the non-displaying portions of asystem within a broad range of viewing angles (as depicted in FIGS.3A-3B) are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5 .

As shown in FIG. 4 , exemplary system 400 includes display 406surrounded by frame 404. In one example, frame 404 includes aholographic structure, here a holographic film 402 containing aholographic structure. Generally, as stated above, display 406 includesa periodic structure therein as a result of the pixel elements, and byapproximating or matching the periodic structures of display 406 withthe periodic structures in holographic film 402, the visual appearanceof the boundary between display 406 and frame 404 can be reduced over afar greater angle of incidence than the visual appearance of theboundary can be reduced using traditional pigment matching. Accordingly,by approximating or matching the periodic structure of the display 406with the periodic structure of holographic film 402, the differentportions of system 400 may vary in the same manner when viewed atdifferent angles, thereby reducing or eliminating the visual appearanceof the boundary to a viewer within a broad range of viewing angles(e.g., any viewing angle ranging from normal to the surface of display406 to approximately parallel to the surface of display 406).

In some examples, holographic film 402 may be positioned in between twoor more layers of transparent material 408. The holographic film 402 inbetween two or more layers of transparent material 408 may be disposedon frame 404. In other examples, holographic film 402 may be disposeddirectly on frame 404, without any intervening layers in betweenholographic film 402 and frame 404.

To reduce or eliminate the visual appearance of the boundary betweendisplay 406 and frame 404, the characteristics of holographic film 402may depend on the characteristics of display 406. For example, therefractive index of holographic film 402 may depend on the

To reduce or eliminate the visual appearance of the boundary betweendisplay 406 and frame 404, the periodic structure of holographic film402 may approximate or match the periodic structure of display 406. Theparameters describing the periodic structure of holographic film 402(and similarly describing the periodic structure of display 406) mayinclude:

-   -   the pitch of the periodic structure of holographic film 402        (e.g., the distance between identical features of the periodic        structure of holographic film 402),    -   the shape and size (including width, length, and height) of        features (e.g., structures) that form the periodic structure of        holographic film 402,    -   the periodicity of features that form the periodic structure of        holographic film 402, and    -   the directionality of the periodic structure in holographic film        402.        Examples of how the periodic structure of holographic film 402        may approximate or match the periodic structure of display 406        are discussed below.

In one example, the pitch of the periodic structure of holographic film402 may be within 0.5 percent to 20 percent (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%,5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%) of the pitch of the periodic structure of display406, which may be the pixel size, distance between pixels, pixelclusters, or other physical features of display 406. In some examples,the pitch of the periodic structure of holographic film 402 may be lessthan 2 or 3 times the pixel size of display 406, or may be less than thepixel size of display 406 by 0.5 percent to 20 percent. For example,holographic film 402 may include a grid of square structures and thepitch of holographic film 402 may be the distance between the midpointsof two adjacent square structures. Therefore, the distance between themidpoints of the two adjacent square structures may be less than 2 or 3times the distance between pixels or pixel clusters of display 406.

The shape and/or size of the features that form the periodic structureof holographic film 402 may approximate or match the shape and/or sizeof the features that form the periodic structure of display 406. Forexample, if display 406 includes of a grid of square pixels of a firstlength, holographic film 402 may include a grid of squares with lengthsless than or equal to the first length.

The periodicity of features that form the periodic structure ofholographic film 402 may approximate or match the periodicity offeatures (e.g., pixels) that form the periodic structure of display 406.For example, if display 406 includes a first repeating structure of twodifferent cells (e.g., a pixel of a first color and a pixel of a secondcolor) holographic film 402 may include a second repeating structure oftwo different cells. The structure of each cell of the second repeatingstructure may be the same as or different from the structure of eachcell of the first repeating structure.

The directionality of the periodic structure of holographic film 402 mayapproximate or match the directionality of the periodic structure ofdisplay 406. For example, if display 406 includes a plurality ofperiodic features (e.g., pixels) oriented in a first direction (e.g.,rectangles, triangles, or the like having a common orientation),holographic film 402 may include a plurality of periodic featuresoriented in the first direction.

FIG. 5 shows exemplary system 500 in which the visibility of a boundarybetween display 504 and a surrounding frame including a holographicstructure (here holographic glass panel 502) may be reduced oreliminated over a broad range of viewing angles. In exemplary system500, a periodic structure is formed on holographic glass panel 502directly. For example, laser etching on holographic glass panel 502 mayproduce the periodic structure responsible for the holographic effect ofholographic glass panel 502. Holographic glass panel 502 may includeholographic structures formed in a variety of other ways, includingablation, etching, deposition processes, and the like.

It is to be understood that the characteristics of holographic film 402and display 406 discussed above may respectively analogously describethe characteristics of holographic glass panel 502 and display 504.Similarly, the techniques of approximating or matching the periodicstructure of holographic film 402 to the periodic structure of display406 discussed above may analogously describe techniques forapproximating or matching the periodic structure of holographic glasspanel 502 to the periodic structure of display 504.

By surrounding display 406 with frame 404, the color and appearance ofdisplay 406 may match the color and appearance of frame 404 within anerror tolerance for a range of viewing angles. Similarly, by surroundingdisplay 504 with holographic glass panel 502, the color and appearanceof display 504 may match the color and appearance of holographic glasspanel 502 within an error tolerance for a range of viewing angles. Suchsurrounding of a display screen by frame 404 (or similarly byholographic glass panel 502) may reduce or eliminate the visibility ofthe boundary between the displaying and non-displaying portions of asystem (i.e., the portions of a system which holographic film 402 coatsor the portions of a system which holographic glass panel 502 covers.)As perceived by a viewer, this may result in a seamless display tonon-display transition on systems with display screens.

The angular dependency of the color match between the displaying andnon-displaying portions of systems (e.g., systems 300, 400, and 500)discussed above are now discussed. In some examples, as perceived by aviewer, the color of an object may be characterized by the perceptiblewavelengths of light reflected by the object. Accordingly, thediscussion below refers to the perceptible wavelengths of lightreflected by the displaying and non-displaying portions of systems.

The perceptible wavelengths of light reflected by the non-displayingportions of the systems discussed above at a viewing angle of 40 degrees(e.g., 40 degrees from the normal to the surface of the non-displayingportion) may respectively match the perceptible wavelengths of lightreflected by the displaying portions at a viewing angle of 40 degreeswithin 5-10 nm. For all viewing angles α less than 80 degrees, theperceptible wavelengths of light reflected by the non-displayingportions at viewing angle α, (where α<80 degrees) may match theperceptible wavelengths of light reflected by the displaying portions atthe viewing angle α within 10 nm. 10 nm may represent a maximumacceptable wavelength difference between the perceptible wavelengths oflight reflected by the displaying portions of a system and theperceptible wavelengths of light reflected by the non-displayingportions of a system. In other words, if the difference between theperceptible wavelengths of light reflected by the non-displaying portionof a system and the perceptible wavelengths of light reflected by thedisplaying portion of a system is greater than 10 nm, the boundarybetween the non-displaying portions and the displaying portions of thesystem may be visible.

In some examples, the perceptible color of an object may becharacterized by one or more color values, (e.g., the CIE 1931 XYZ colorspace tristimulus values), as known by those skilled in the art.Accordingly, using the techniques discussed herein, the color values ofthe non-displaying portions of the systems discussed herein mayrespectively match the color values of the displaying portions of thesystems within a suitable error tolerance over a range of viewingangles. The suitable error tolerance between color values may be definedsuch that a difference between the color values greater than the errortolerance results in the colors represented by the color values beingvisually distinguishable. For example, for all viewing angles less than80 degree, the color values of the non-displaying portions of the systemmay match the color values of the displaying portions of the systemwithin 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, or 20%. In some examples, for all viewing anglesless than 40 degrees, the color values of the non-displaying portions ofthe system may match the color values of the displaying portions of thesystem within 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, or 10%.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific examples. However, the illustrativediscussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications andvariations are possible in view of the above teachings. The exampleswere chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of theinvention and its practical applications, to thereby enable othersskilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various exampleswith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated.

Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described withreference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that variouschanges and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as beingincluded within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined bythe claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a display screen comprisinga plurality of pixels forming a first periodic structure having a firstpitch; and a frame surrounding at least a portion of the display screen,the frame comprising a holographic structure having a second periodicstructure having a second pitch, wherein the second pitch of the secondperiodic structure is less than the first pitch of the first periodicstructure by 0.5 percent to 20 percent of the first pitch of the firstperiodic structure.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the holographicstructure comprises a substrate coated with a holographic film.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the holographic structure only comprisesholographic glass.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first pitch ofthe first periodic structure includes a pixel size of one or more pixelsof the plurality of pixels, and wherein the second pitch of the secondperiodic structure is less than the pixel size by 0.5 percent to 20percent.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the shape and size of theelements of the first periodic structure match the shape and structureof the elements of the second periodic structure.
 6. The system of claim1, wherein the plurality of pixels are each oriented in a firstdirection, and wherein the holographic structure comprises a pluralityof structures oriented in the first direction.
 7. The system of claim 1,wherein the second pitch of the second periodic structure is less thanthe first pitch of the first periodic structure by 0.5 percent to 2percent of the first pitch of the first periodic structure.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the holographic structure completely fillsthe frame surrounding the display screen.
 9. The system of claim 3,wherein the second periodic structure is formed by one of laser etching,ablation and deposition.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein theholographic structure comprises a substrate coated with a holographicfilm, and the holographic film is positioned in between two or morelayers of transparent material.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein theholographic structure comprises a substrate coated with a holographicfilm and wherein the holographic film is disposed directly on framewithout any intervening layers in between the holographic film and theframe.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the holographic structurecomprises a substrate coated with a holographic film, and the refractiveindex of the holographic film matches the refractive index of display.13. The system of claim 1, wherein the periodicity of the elements ofthe first periodic structure match the periodicity of the elements ofthe second periodic structure.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein thefirst periodic structure is selected from the group consisting of: pixelsize, distance between pixels, or pixel clusters.
 15. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the first periodic structure has periodic features witha first directionality and the second periodic structure has featureswith a second directionality, and the first directionality matches thesecond directionality.
 16. The system of claim 1, wherein perceptiblewavelengths of light reflected by the display at a viewing angle α beingof less than 80 degrees match the perceptible wavelengths of lightreflected by the frame at the viewing angle α.
 17. A system comprising:a display screen comprising a plurality of pixels forming a firstperiodic structure having a first pitch; and a frame surrounding atleast a portion of the display screen, the frame comprising aholographic structure having a second periodic structure having a secondpitch, wherein the second pitch of the second periodic structure is lessthan two or three times the first pitch of the first periodic structure.18. The system of claim 17, wherein the holographic structure comprisesa substrate coated with a holographic film, and the refractive index ofthe holographic film matches the refractive index of the display screen.19. The system of claim 17, wherein the shape and size of the elementsof the first periodic structure match the shape and structure of theelements of the second periodic structure.
 20. The system of claim 17,wherein the holographic structure comprises a substrate coated with aholographic film, and the holographic film is positioned in between twoor more layers of transparent material.
 21. The system of claim 17,wherein the holographic structure comprises a substrate coated with aholographic film and wherein the holographic film is disposed directlyon the frame without any intervening layers in between the holographicfilm and the frame.